The host is installed with OpenSSL 3.0.0 before 3.0.7, Node.js 18.0.0 before 18.12.1, 19.0.0 before 19.0.1 or SoftEther VPN Client 4.39 Build 9772 Beta and is prone to an email address 4-byte buffer overflow vulnerability. A flaw is present in the application, which fails to properly handle stack overflow while verifying the name constraint of the X.509 certificate. On successful exploitation, an attacker can craft a malicious email address to overflow four attacker-controlled bytes on the stack. This buffer overflow could result in a crash (causing a denial of service) or potentially remote code execution.