jQuery before 1.9.0 is vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting attacks. The jQuery function does not differentiate selectors from HTML in a reliable fashion. In vulnerable versions, jQuery determined whether the input was HTML by looking for the 'less than' character anywhere in the string, giving attackers more flexibility when attempting to construct a malicious payload. In fixed versions, jQuery only deems the input to be HTML if it explicitly starts with the 'less than' character, limiting exploitability only to attackers who can control the beginning of a string, which is far less common. jQuery before 3.0.0 is vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting attacks when a cross-domain Ajax request is performed without the dataType option, causing text/javascript responses to be executed. A flaw was discovered in Ruby in the way certain functions handled strings containing NULL bytes. Specifically, the built-in methods File.fnmatch and its alias File.fnmatch? did not properly handle path patterns containing the NULL byte. A remote attacker could exploit this flaw to make a Ruby script access unexpected files and to bypass intended file system access restrictions. WEBrick::HTTPAuth::DigestAuth in Ruby through 2.4.7, 2.5.x through 2.5.6, and 2.6.x through 2.6.4 has a regular expression Denial of Service cause by looping/backtracking. A victim must expose a WEBrick server that uses DigestAuth to the Internet or a untrusted network. Ruby through 2.4.7, 2.5.x through 2.5.6, and 2.6.x through 2.6.4 allows HTTP Response Splitting. If a program using WEBrick inserts untrusted input into the response header, an attacker can exploit it to insert a newline character to split a header, and inject malicious content to deceive clients. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-17742, which addressed the CRLF vector, but did not address an isolated CR or an isolated LF. Ruby through 2.4.7, 2.5.x through 2.5.6, and 2.6.x through 2.6.4 allows code injection if the first argument to Shell#[] or Shell#test in lib/shell.rb is untrusted data. An attacker can exploit this to call an arbitrary Ruby method. A flaw was found in rubygem-json. While parsing certain JSON documents, the json gem can be coerced into creating arbitrary objects in the target system. This is the same issue as CVE-2013-0269. An issue was discovered in Ruby 2.5.x through 2.5.7, 2.6.x through 2.6.5, and 2.7.0. If a victim calls BasicSocket#read_nonblock, the method resizes the buffer to fit the requested size, but no data is copied. Thus, the buffer string provides the previous value of the heap. This may expose possibly sensitive data from the interpreter