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oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87332
Emulation of the rsh command through the ssh server should be disabled (and dependencies are met) oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87333 The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter" should be set to "1". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87330 The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses" should be set to "1". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87331 The kernel module udf should be disabled. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87329 The squashfs Kernel Module should be disabled. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87327 This directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on an hourly basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user and group root ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87328 The /etc/cron.daily directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a daily basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user a ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87325 The Banner parameter specifies a file whose contents must be sent to the remote user before authentication is permitted. By default, no banner is displayed. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87326 IPtables is an application that allows a system administrator to configure the IPv4 tables, chains and rules provided by the Linux kernel firewall. ufw was developed to ease IPtables firewall configuration. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87323 The /etc/crontab file is used by cron to control its own jobs. The commands in this item make sure that root is the user and group owner of the file and that only the owner can access the file. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87324 SSH's cryptographic host-based authentication is more secure than .rhosts authentication. However, it is not recommended that hosts unilaterally trust one another, even within an organization. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87321 The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is designed to synchronize system clocks across a variety of systems and use a source that is highly accurate. More information on NTP can be found at http://www.ntp.org. NTP can be configured to be a client and/or a server. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87322 Remote connections (SSH) from accounts with empty passwords should be disabled (and dependencies are met). oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87320 The DPKG package 'rsyslog' should be installed. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87318 The /etc/cron.weekly directory contains system cron jobs that need to run on a weekly basis. The files in this directory cannot be manipulated by the crontab command, but are instead edited by system administrators using a text editor. The commands below restrict read/write and search access to user ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87319 Access permission for '/etc/cron.monthly' is set to appropriate values. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87316 The DPKG package 'aide' should be installed. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87317 Configure /etc/cron.allow and /etc/at.allow to allow specific users to use these services. If /etc/cron.allow or /etc/at.allow do not exist, then /etc/at.deny and /etc/cron.deny are checked. Any user not specifically defined in those files is allowed to use at and cron. By removing the files, only u ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87314 The rsh package contains the client commands for the rsh services. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87315 The DPKG package 'xserver-xorg-core' should be removed. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87312 The talk software makes it possible for users to send and receive messages across systems through a terminal session. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87313 The Network Information Service (NIS), formerly known as Yellow Pages, is a client-server directory service protocol used to distribute system configuration files. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87354 The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was introduced as a replacement for NIS/YP. It is a service that provides a method for looking up information from a central database. Rationale: If the system will not need to act as an LDAP client, it is recommended that the softwar ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87355 A Firewall package should be selected. Most firewall configuration utilities operate as a front end to nftables or iptables. Rationale: A Firewall package is required for firewall management and configuration. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87352 The inetd daemon listens for well known services and dispatches the appropriate daemon to properly respond to service requests. Rationale: If there are no inetd services required, it is recommended that the daemon be removed. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87353 The telnet package contains the telnet client, which allows users to start connections to other systems via the telnet protocol. Rationale: The telnet protocol is insecure and unencrypted. The use of an unencrypted transmission medium could allow an unauthorized user to steal creden ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87350 SOMETHING HERE oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87351 Configure AppArmor to be enabled at boot time and verify that it has not been overwritten by the bootloader boot parameters. Rationale: AppArmor must be enabled at boot time in your bootloader configuration to ensure that the controls it provides are not overridden. Note: This re ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87349 sudo can use a custom log file. Rationale: A sudo log file simplifies auditing of sudo commands. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87347 The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files. Rationale: Since the /var/tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /var/tmp. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87348 sudo can be configured to run only from a psuedo-pty. Rationale: Attackers can run a malicious program using sudo which would fork a background process that remains even when the main program has finished executing. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87345 The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries. Rationale: Since the /tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot run executable binaries from /tmp. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87346 The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices. Rationale: Since the /var/tmp filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create block or character special devices in /var/tmp. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87343 The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices. Rationale: Since the /tmp filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create block or character special devices in /tmp. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87344 The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files. Rationale: Since the /tmp filesystem is only intended for temporary file storage, set this option to ensure that users cannot create setuid files in /tmp. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87341 The nosuid mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain setuid files. Rationale: Setting this option on a file system prevents users from introducing privileged programs onto the system and allowing non-root users to execute them. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87342 The noexec mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain executable binaries. Rationale: Setting this option on a file system prevents users from executing programs from shared memory. This deters users from introducing potentially malicious software on the system. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87340 The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices. Rationale: Since the /dev/shm filesystem is not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create special devices in /dev/shm partitions. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87338 sudo allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy. The invoking user's real (not effective) user ID is used to determine the user name with which to query the security policy. Rationale: sudo supports a plugin arch ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87339 The nodev mount option specifies that the filesystem cannot contain special devices. Rationale: Since the user partitions are not intended to support devices, set this option to ensure that users cannot attempt to create block or character special devices. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87336 USB storage provides a means to transfer and store files insuring persistence and availability of the files independent of network connection status. Its popularity and utility has led to USB-based malware being a simple and common means for network infiltration and a first step to establishing a pe ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87337 Single user mode (rescue mode) is used for recovery when the system detects an issue during boot or by manual selection from the bootloader. Rationale: Requiring authentication in single user mode (rescue mode) prevents an unauthorized user from rebooting the system into single user ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87334 The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies" should be set to "1". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87335 The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts" should be set to "1". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87410 Dovecot is an open source mail submission and transport server for Linux based systems. Rationale: Unless mail transport services are to be provided by this system, it is recommended that the service be disabled or deleted to reduce the potential attack surface. Note: Several ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87408 The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) was introduced as a replacement for NIS/YP. It is a service that provides a method for looking up information from a central database. Rationale: If the system will not need to act as an LDAP server, it is recommended that the softw ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87409 HTTP or web servers provide the ability to host web site content. Rationale: Unless there is a need to run the system as a web server, it is recommended that the package be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87406 The Network Information Service (NIS), formerly known as Yellow Pages, is a client-server directory service protocol used to distribute system configuration files. The NIS client ( ypbind ) was used to bind a machine to an NIS server and receive the distributed configuration files. Ration ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87407 Squid is a standard proxy server used in many distributions and environments. Rationale: If there is no need for a proxy server, it is recommended that the squid proxy be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87404 The cron daemon is used to execute batch jobs on the system. Rationale: While there may not be user jobs that need to be run on the system, the system does have maintenance jobs that may include security monitoring that have to run, and cron is used to execute them. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87405 Once the rsyslog package is installed it needs to be activated. Rationale: If the rsyslog service is not activated the system may default to the syslogd service or lack logging instead. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87402 The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) provides networked computers with the ability to transfer files. Rationale: FTP does not protect the confidentiality of data or authentication credentials. It is recommended SFTP be used if file transfer is required. Unless there is a need to run t ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87403 The nftables service allows for the loading of nftables rulesets during boot, or starting of the nftables service. Rationale: The nftables service restores the nftables rules from the rules files referenced in the /etc/sysconfig/nftables.conf file during boot or the starting of th ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87400 The Common Unix Print System (CUPS) provides the ability to print to both local and network printers. A system running CUPS can also accept print jobs from remote systems and print them to local printers. It also provides a web based remote administration capability. Rationale: If ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87401 The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a service that allows machines to be dynamically assigned IP addresses. Rationale: Unless a system is specifically set up to act as a DHCP server, it is recommended that this service be deleted to reduce the potential attack surface ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87310 File permission for '/etc/ssh/sshd_config' is set to appropriate values. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87311 By default, rsyslog does not listen for log messages coming in from remote systems. The ModLoad tells rsyslog to load the imtcp.so module so it can listen over a network via TCP. The InputTCPServerRun option instructs rsyslogd to listen on the specified TCP port. The guidance in the section ensures ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87309 This test makes sure that '/etc/shadow' file permission is set as appropriate. If the target file or directory has an extended ACL then it will fail the mode check. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87307 Only SSH protocol version 2 connections should be permitted. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87308 Root login via SSH should be disabled (and dependencies are met) oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87305 The pam_cracklib module checks the strength of passwords. It performs checks such as making sure a password is not a dictionary word, it is a certain length, contains a mix of characters (e.g. alphabet, numeric, other) and more. The following are definitions of the pam_cracklib.so options. * retr ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87306 The maximum password age policy should meet minimum requirements. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87303 The minimum password age policy should be set appropriately. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87424 Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (127.0.0.0/8).Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loop ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87304 The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra" should be set to "0". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87422 A default deny all policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87301 The default umask for all users specified in /etc/login.defs oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87302 The accounts should be configured to expire automatically following Inactivity accounts. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87423 Configure the loopback interface to accept traffic. Configure all other interfaces to deny traffic to the loopback network (127.0.0.0/8).Loopback traffic is generated between processes on machine and is typically critical to operation of the system. The loopback interface is the only place that loop ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87420 The use of wireless networking can introduce many different attack vectors into the organization's network. Common attack vectors such as malicious association and ad hoc networks will allow an attacker to spoof a wireless access point (AP), allowing validated systems to connect to the malicious AP ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87421 A default deny all policy on connections ensures that any unconfigured network usage will be rejected.With a default accept policy the firewall will accept any packet that is not configured to be denied. It is easier to white list acceptable usage than to black list unacceptable usage. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87300 This variable limits the types of ciphers that SSH can use during communication. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87419 The extended InterNET Daemon ( xinetd ) is an open source super daemon that replaced the original inetd daemon. The xinetd daemon listens for well known services and dispatches the appropriate daemon to properly respond to service requests. Rationale: If there are no xinetd servic ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87417 MAC algorithms being used during ssh can be limited by defining them in sshd_config file. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87418 UsePAM Enables the Pluggable Authentication Module interface. If set to yes this will enable PAM authentication using ChallengeResponseAuthentication and PasswordAuthentication in addition to PAM account and session module processing for all authentication types oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87415 The Network File System (NFS) is one of the first and most widely distributed file systems in the UNIX environment. It provides the ability for systems to mount file systems of other servers through the network. The rpcbind service maps Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services to the ports on wh ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87416 The contents of the file /etc/motd file are displayed to users after login and function as a message of the day for authenticated users. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87413 All users should have a password change date in the past. Rationale: If a users recorded password change date is in the future then they could bypass any set password expiration. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87414 The default TMOUT determines the shell timeout for users. The TMOUT value is measured in seconds. Rationale: Having no timeout value associated with a shell could allow an unauthorized user access to another user's shell session (e.g. user walks away from their computer and doesn' ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87411 System time should be synchronized between all systems in an environment. This is typically done by establishing an authoritative time server or set of servers and having all systems synchronize their clocks to them. Rationale: Time synchronization is important to support time sens ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87412 Periodic checking of the filesystem integrity is needed to detect changes to the filesystem. Rationale: Periodic file checking allows the system administrator to determine on a regular basis if critical files have been changed in an unauthorized fashion. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87299 File permissions for '/etc/group' should be set correctly. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87297 The root account is the only system account that should have a login shell. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87298 This test makes sure that '/etc/passwd' has proper permission. If the target file or directory has an extended ACL then it will fail the mode check. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87295 The kernel module hfsplus should be disabled. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87296 The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects" should be set to "0". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87293 The Set Password Warning Age should be set appropriately. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87294 The file /etc/securetty contains a list of valid terminals that may be logged in directly as root. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87291 The Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets By Default should be enabled or disabled as appropriate. The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route" should be set to "0". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87292 The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects" should be set to "0". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87290 The INFO parameter specifies that record login and logout activity will be logged. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87288 The MaxAuthTries parameter specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted per connection. When the login failure count reaches half the number, error messages will be written to the syslog file detailing the login failure. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87289 The kernel module hfs should be disabled. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87286 The grub configuration file contains information on boot settings and passwords for unlocking boot options. The grub configuration is usually grub.cfg stored in /boot/grub. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87287 The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians" should be set to "1". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87284 There are several options available to limit which users and group can access the system via SSH. It is recommended that at least one of the following options be leveraged: AllowUsers The AllowUsers variable gives the system administrator the option of allowing specific users to ssh into the syste ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87285 The grub boot loader should have password protection enabled. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87282 The PermitUserEnvironment option allows users to present environment options to the ssh daemon. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87283 The su command allows a user to run a command or shell as another user. The program has been superseded by sudo, which allows for more granular control over privileged access. Normally, the su command can be executed by any user. By uncommenting the pam_wheel.so statement in /etc/pam.d/su, the su co ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87280 Mail Transfer Agents (MTA), such as sendmail and Postfix, are used to listen for incoming mail and transfer the messages to the appropriate user or mail server. If the system is not intended to be a mail server, it is recommended that the MTA be configured to only process local mail. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87281 The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv4.ip_forward" should be set to "0". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87279 The kernel runtime parameter "net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects" should be set to "0". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87376 Any account with UID 0 has superuser privileges on the system. Rationale: This access must be limited to only the default root account and only from the system console. Administrative access must be through an unprivileged account using an approved mechanism as noted in Item 5.6 ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87377 An account with an empty password field means that anybody may log in as that user without providing a password. Rationale: All accounts must have passwords or be locked to prevent the account from being used by an unauthorized user. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87374 The character + in various files used to be markers for systems to insert data from NIS maps at a certain point in a system configuration file. These entries are no longer required on most systems, but may exist in files that have been imported from other platforms. Rationale: Thes ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87375 The shadow group allows system programs which require access the ability to read the /etc/shadow file. No users should be assigned to the shadow group. Rationale: Any users assigned to the shadow group would be granted read access to the /etc/shadow file. If attackers can gain re ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87372 The character + in various files used to be markers for systems to insert data from NIS maps at a certain point in a system configuration file. These entries are no longer required on most systems, but may exist in files that have been imported from other platforms. Rationale: The ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87373 The character + in various files used to be markers for systems to insert data from NIS maps at a certain point in a system configuration file. These entries are no longer required on most systems, but may exist in files that have been imported from other platforms. Rationale: The ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87370 An SSH private key is one of two files used in SSH public key authentication. In this authentication method, The possession of the private key is proof of identity. Only a private key that corresponds to a public key will be able to authenticate successfully. The private keys need to be stored and h ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87371 An SSH public key is one of two files used in SSH public key authentication. In this authentication method, a public key is a key that can be used for verifying digital signatures generated using a corresponding private key. Only a public key that corresponds to a private key will be able to authent ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87369 Log files stored in /var/log/ contain logged information from many services on the system, or on log hosts others as well. Rationale: It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive data is archived and protected. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87367 The /etc/group file contains a list of all the valid groups defined in the system. The command below allows read/write access for root and read access for everyone else. Rationale: The /etc/group file needs to be protected from unauthorized changes by non-privileged users, but nee ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87368 The contents of the /etc/issue.net file are displayed to users prior to login for remote connections from configured services. Rationale: If the /etc/issue.net file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87365 The /etc/gshadow file is used to store the information about groups that is critical to the security of those accounts, such as the hashed password and other security information Rationale: If attackers can gain read access to the /etc/gshadow file, they can easily run a password ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87366 The /etc/passwd file contains user account information that is used by many system utilities and therefore must be readable for these utilities to operate. Rationale: It is critical to ensure that the /etc/passwd file is protected from unauthorized write access. Although it is pro ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87363 The contents of the /etc/issue file are displayed to users prior to login for local terminals. Rationale: If the /etc/issue file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading information. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87364 Rsyslog will create logfiles that do not already exist on the system. This setting controls what permissions will be applied to these newly created files. Rationale: It is important to ensure that log files have the correct permissions to ensure that sensitive data is archived and ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87361 AppArmor profiles define what resources applications are able to access. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87362 The contents of the /etc/motd file are displayed to users after login and function as a message of the day for authenticated users. Rationale: If the /etc/motd file does not have the correct ownership it could be modified by unauthorized users with incorrect or misleading informa ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87360 The usermod command can be used to specify which group the root user belongs to. This affects permissions of files that are created by the root user. Rationale: Using GID 0 for the root account helps prevent root-owned files from accidentally becoming accessible to non-privileged users. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87358 The MaxStartups parameter specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to the SSH daemon. Rationale: To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of pending authentication connection attempts, use the rate limiting function of MaxStartu ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87359 The MaxSessions parameter specifies the maximum number of open sessions permitted from a given connection. Rationale: To protect a system from denial of service due to a large number of concurrent sessions, use the rate limiting function of MaxSessions to protect availability of s ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87356 GDM is the GNOME Display Manager which handles graphical login for GNOME based systems. Rationale: Warning messages inform users who are attempting to login to the system of their legal status regarding the system and must include the name of the organization that owns the system ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87357 The LoginGraceTime parameter specifies the time allowed for successful authentication to the SSH server. The longer the Grace period is the more open unauthenticated connections can exist. Like other session controls in this session the Grace Period should be limited to appropriate organizational li ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87277 The logrotate (syslog rotator) service should be enabled. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87398 The rsyncd service can be used to synchronize files between systems over network links. Rationale: The rsyncd service presents a security risk as it uses unencrypted protocols for communication. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87399 Avahi is a free zeroconf implementation, including a system for multicast DNS/DNS-SD service discovery. Avahi allows programs to publish and discover services and hosts running on a local network with no specific configuration. For example, a user can plug a computer into a network and Avahi automat ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87278 The kernel module freevxfs should be disabled. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87396 The Samba daemon allows system administrators to configure their Linux systems to share file systems and directories with Windows desktops. Samba will advertise the file systems and directories via the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. Windows desktop users will be able to mount these directories ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87275 Recent processors in the x86 family support the ability to prevent code execution on a per memory page basis. Generically and on AMD processors, this ability is called No Execute (NX), while on Intel processors it is called Execute Disable (XD). This ability can help prevent exploitation of buffer o ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87397 The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) server is used to listen for SNMP commands from an SNMP management system, execute the commands or collect the information and then send results back to the requesting system. Rationale: The SNMP server can communicate using SNMP v1, w ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87276 Syslog logs should be sent to a remote loghost oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87394 Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally on the server. Logs in memory will be lost upon a system reboot. By persisting logs to local disk on the server they are protected from loss. Rationale: Writing log data to disk will provide the ability to fo ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87273 Core dumps for all users should be disabled oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87274 The kernel runtime parameter "kernel.randomize_va_space" should be set to "2". oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87395 autofs allows automatic mounting of devices, typically including CD/DVDs and USB drives. Rationale: With automounting enabled anyone with physical access could attach a USB drive or disc and have its contents available in system even if they lacked permissions to mount it themse ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87392 Data from journald may be stored in volatile memory or persisted locally on the server. Utilities exist to accept remote export of journald logs, however, use of the rsyslog service provides a consistent means of log collection and export. Rationale: Storing log data on a remote ho ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87271 The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical naming system that maps names to IP addresses for computers, services and other resources connected to a network. Rationale: Unless a system is specifically designated to act as a DNS server, it is recommended that the package be dele ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87272 The prelinking feature changes binaries in an attempt to decrease their startup time. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87393 The journald system includes the capability of compressing overly large files to avoid filling up the system with logs or making the logs unmanageably large. Rationale: Uncompressed large files may unexpectedly fill a filesystem leading to resource unavailability. Compressing log ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87390 Although the groupadd program will not let you create a duplicate group name, it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/group file and change the group name. Rationale: If a group is assigned a duplicate group name, it will create and have access to files with ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87391 nftables is a subsystem of the Linux kernel providing filtering and classification of network packets/datagrams/frames. The nftables service reads the /etc/nftables.conf file for a nftables file or files to include in the nftables ruleset. A nftables ruleset containing the input, forward, and outp ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87270 The system login banner text should be set correctly for remote login users. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87389 Although the useradd program will not let you create a duplicate user name, it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/passwd file and change the user name. Rationale: If a user is assigned a duplicate user name, it will create and have access to files with the ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87268 The commands below change password encryption to yescrypt (a much stronger hashing algorithm). All existing accounts will need to perform a password change to upgrade the stored hashes to the new algorithm. Rationale: The yescrypt algorithm provides much stronger hashing than previou ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87269 The system login banner text should be set correctly. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87387 Although the useradd program will not let you create a duplicate User ID (UID), it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/passwd file and change the UID field. Rationale: Users must be assigned unique UIDs for accountability and to ensure appropriate access pro ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87266 Ensure only strong Key Exchange algorithms are used oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87388 Although the groupadd program will not let you create a duplicate Group ID (GID), it is possible for an administrator to manually edit the /etc/group file and change the GID field. Rationale: User groups must be assigned unique GIDs for accountability and to ensure appropriate a ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87267 The passwords to remember should be set correctly. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87264 The two options ClientAliveInterval and ClientAliveCountMax control the timeout of ssh sessions. When the ClientAliveInterval variable is set, ssh sessions that have no activity for the specified length of time are terminated. When the ClientAliveCountMax variable is set, sshd will send client alive ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87385 chrony is a daemon which implements the Network Time Protocol (NTP) is designed to synchronize system clocks across a variety of systems and use a source that is highly accurate. Rationale: If chrony is in use on the system proper configuration is vital to ensuring time synchroniza ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87386 Over time, system administration errors and changes can lead to groups being defined in /etc/passwd but not in /etc/group. Rationale: Groups defined in the /etc/passwd file but not in the /etc/group file pose a threat to system security since group permissions are not properly ma ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87265 The Set Lockout Time For Failed Password Attempts should be set correctly. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87383 While the system administrator can establish secure permissions for users' "dot" files, the users can easily override these. Rationale: Group or world-writable user configuration files may enable malicious users to steal or modify other users' data or to gain another user's syste ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87384 While the system administrator can establish secure permissions for users' .netrc files, the users can easily override these. Rationale: .netrcfiles may contain unencrypted passwords that may be used to attack other systems. oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87381 The .netrc file contains data for logging into a remote host for file transfers via FTP. Rationale: The .netrc file presents a significant security risk since it stores passwords in unencrypted form. Even if FTP is disabled, user accounts may have brought over .netrc files from ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87382 The .forward file specifies an email address to forward the user's mail to. Rationale: Use of the .forward file poses a security risk in that sensitive data may be inadvertently transferred outside the organization. The .forward file also poses a risk as it can be used to execut ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87380 While no .rhosts files are shipped by default, users can easily create them. Rationale: This action is only meaningful if .rhosts support is permitted in the file /etc/pam.conf . Even though the .rhosts files are ineffective if support is disabled in /etc/pam.conf , they may have ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87378 Users can be defined in /etc/passwd without a home directory or with a home directory that does not actually exist. Rationale: If the user's home directory does not exist or is unassigned, the user will be placed in "/" and will not be able to write any files or have local envir ... oval:org.secpod.oval:def:87379 While the system administrator can establish secure permissions for users' home directories, the users can easily override these. Rationale: Group or world-writable user home directories may enable malicious users to steal or modify other users' data or to gain another user's system ... |
